CRUTEM (Climatic Research Unit TEMperature) is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies over land at a monthly timescale. It is a collaborative product of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, the Met Office Hadley Centre and the National Centre for Atmospheric Science. CRUTEM also contributes the land air temperature station data to the global (land and ocean) temperature dataset called HadCRUT. CRUTEM5 is the fifth major version of the dataset, covering the time period from 1850, with a spatial resolution of 5° latitude by 5° longitude and a monthly-mean time resolution. The gridded temperature anomaly fields are based on a compilation of monthly-mean temperature observational records from weather stations. This compilation contains 10639 station records, but only 7983 records had the necessary coverage to be used for producing the gridded dataset. Anomalies are differences from average conditions in the 1961-1990 period. Hemispheric and global mean time series of land air temperature anomalies are also provided.

HadCRUT5 (Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global surface temperature anomalies, version 5) is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies since the year 1850. It has been developed and maintained by the Met Office Hadley Centre and University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit. Air temperature information over land is derived from CRUTEM5 monthly average meteorological station temperature series, an expanded compilation of station series with revised quality control methods. Temperatures over ocean are derived from the HadSST4 sea-surface temperature dataset, including revised assessments of instrumental biases. Temperature data are presented as monthly average near-surface temperature anomalies, relative to the 1961-1990 period, on a regular 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid from 1850 to 2018, with derived global and hemispheric time series. Two variants of the dataset are provided. The first represents temperature anomaly data on a grid for locations where measurement data are available. The second, more spatially complete, variant uses a Gaussian process based statistical method to make better use of the available observations, extending temperature anomaly estimates into regions for which the underlying measurements are informative. Each is provided as a 200‐member ensemble accompanied by additional uncertainty information. Monthly updates to HadCRUT5 are available from the Met Office Hadobs website (see documentation links).

Data for Figure 3.3 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.3 shows the global annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) and the model bias to ERA5. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has six panels, with data provided for four panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c and panel_d. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- This dataset contains: - Global modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6 for the period 1995–2014 - Global bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6 for the period 1995–2014 to reanalysis ERA5 - Global root mean square bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6 for the period 1995–2014 to reanalysis ERA5 - Global bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP5 for the period 1985–2004 to reanalysis ERA5 CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. CMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate. --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- - panel_a/tas_mean_cmip6.nc; global map - panel_b/tas_bias_cmip6.nc; global map - panel_c/tas_rms_bias_cmip6.nc; global map - panel_d/tas_bias_cmip5.nc; global map --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

Data for Figure 3.5 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 3.5 shows the standard deviation of annually averaged zonal-mean near-surface air temperature. --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- - Simulated (CMIP6) standard deviation of near-surface air temperature - Observed standard deviation of near-surface air temperature CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Datafile: fig_3_5.nc, black lines: - HadCRUT5: model = 62 - BerkleyEarth: model = 61 - NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim: model = 60 - Kadow: model = 59 - colored lines: model = 0, 1, ..., 58 Where HadCRUT5, BerkleyEarth, NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim, and Kadow are gridded datasets of global historical surface temperature. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.